Topical 5% tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma in Asians: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.
randomized, double-blind
EVIDENCE COMPARISON
DirectionalVitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid)
vs No Skincare
for Redness Reduction
Early or indirect evidence suggests vitamin C may reduce skin redness nearly twice as effectively as no treatment for improving skin tone, based on indirect comparison.
1.97x
Effect ratio
Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid)
Favored
3
Studies
Indirect
Comparison
ExploratoryEstimated endpointTone
Limits: Indirect comparison · Includes estimated measurement · Early-stage evidence tier
This is an indirect comparison — the two ingredients were not tested head-to-head in the same trial. The ratio is derived from separate studies against a common comparator.
How to read this claim
Kept public as exploratory because it indirect comparison; includes estimated measurement; early-stage evidence tier.
Some study-specific context may affect how broadly this comparison generalizes.