… and efficacy of niosomal and conventional tranexamic acid/niacinamide vs. hydroquinone creams in melasma: A randomized, double-blind, case-controlled clinical …
randomized, double-blind
EVIDENCE COMPARISON
SupportiveNiacinamide
vs Lotus Sprout Extract
for Pigmentation Reduction
Early or indirect evidence suggests niacinamide and lotus sprout extract show equal effectiveness for reducing pigmentation and improving skin tone, based on indirect comparison.
1.00x
Effect ratio
Neither
Favored
2
Studies
Indirect
Comparison
ExploratoryMixed endpointsTone
Limits: Indirect comparison · Mixed endpoint quality
This is an indirect comparison — the two ingredients were not tested head-to-head in the same trial. The ratio is derived from separate studies against a common comparator.
How to read this claim
Kept public as exploratory because it indirect comparison; mixed endpoint quality.
Some study-specific context may affect how broadly this comparison generalizes.