… and efficacy of niosomal and conventional tranexamic acid/niacinamide vs. hydroquinone creams in melasma: A randomized, double-blind, case-controlled clinical …
randomized, double-blind
EVIDENCE COMPARISON
Gold StandardHydroquinone
vs Niacinamide
for Pigmentation Reduction
Studies show hydroquinone and niacinamide provide equal pigmentation reduction for improving skin tone.
1.00x
Effect ratio
Neither
Favored
1
Study
Direct
Comparison
Tone
How to read this claim
Direct comparison with enough study context for public-facing comparative wording.
The published evidence does not currently show a major generalization warning beyond the listed study limits.